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IPV
IPV stands for " inactivated polio vaccine." It is the polio vaccine currently used in the United States and much of the rest of the world. In the United States, IPV comes in the following vaccines:
- Pentacel® -- diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines (DTaP), the
- Kinrix® -- diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccines (DTaP) and IPV.
Unlike the earlier oral polio vaccine, IPV is injected, not taken by mouth. Most importantly, because IPV is an inactivated vaccine, it cannot cause polio. The oral vaccine can cause polio in rare cases. Although it is still used in some parts of the world because it is less expensive, the oral polio vaccine is no longer recommended for children in the United States.
Just like any vaccine, IPV may cause side effects. However, not everyone who gets vaccinated will experience problems. In fact, most children tolerate it well, with only minor side effects, if any. If adverse effects do occur, in most cases, they are minor and either require no treatment or can be treated easily by you or your healthcare provider. Serious reactions are less common.
Some of the most common side effects with IPV include but are not limited to:
- Irritability
- Tiredness
- Injection site reactions, such as tenderness or swelling.
(Click IPV Side Effects to learn more, including potentially serious side effects you should report immediately to your healthcare provider.)
What Should I Tell My Healthcare Provider?
You should talk to a healthcare provider before your child receives the IPV vaccine if your child has:
- An immune-suppressing condition such as HIV or AIDS, diabetes, or cancer
- Had any sort of a reaction to any vaccine before
- A moderate-to-severe illness
- Any allergies, including to foods, dyes, or preservatives.
Make sure to tell the healthcare provider about all medicines your child is taking, including prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
Simply stated, IPV "tricks" the body into thinking it has been exposed to a polio infection, but without the risk of an actual infection. The vaccine contains three different strains of polio virus that have been "inactivated" (killed). These viruses cannot cause polio. The body produces antibodies that will help fight infection if future exposure occurs.
Polio enters the body through the digestive system. Therefore, IPV is not as good as the oral polio vaccine for preventing the virus from infecting the digestive tract. Such an infection would be harmless to the individual, but could still be spread to other people. However, because the oral polio vaccine, which is a live vaccine, can rarely actually cause polio, IPV is currently recommended instead in the United States.
Some general considerations to be aware of with this vaccine include the following:
- The standard IPV series consists of four doses (for young children) or three doses (for adults). It is often given at the same time as other routine childhood immunizations.
- IPOL can be injected either into a muscle (intramuscularly) or just under the skin (subcutaneously). The other IPV vaccines must be given intramuscularly.
- Individuals can be vaccinated if they have a minor illness, such as the common cold. However, the vaccine should be postponed if the child is moderately or severely ill.
Dosing Information
The dose of IPV vaccine that your healthcare provider recommends will vary, depending on the following factors:
- The particular vaccine
- The vaccination history of the individual
- The age of the individual.
How Should This Medication Be Stored?
The vaccine should be stored in the refrigerator; it should not be frozen.
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List of references (click here)
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IPOL [package insert]. Swiftwater, PA: Sanofi Pasteur, Inc.; 2005 December. Kinrix [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals; 2009 March. Pediarix [package insert]. Research Triangle Park, NC: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals; 2009 July. Pentacel [package insert]. Swiftwater, PA: Sanofi Pasteur, Inc.; 2008 June. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vaccine information statement: polio vaccine (1/31/00). CDC Web site. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/vis/downloads/vis-IPV.pdf. Accessed August 25, 2009. Liu X, Levin A, Makinen M, Day J. OPV vs IPV: past and future choice of vaccine in the global polio eradication program (revised June 2003). The Partners for Health Reformplus Project, Abt Associates, Inc.
Written by/reviewed by: Kristi Monson, PharmD; Arthur Schoenstadt, MD
Last reviewed by: Kristi Monson, PharmD;
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